Transformer Tap Changer

Lub cuab yeej tswj hluav taws xob ntawm lub transformer yog muab faib ua lub transformer "off-excitation" voltage regulating device thiab lub transformer "on-load" tap changer.

Ob leeg xa mus rau hom kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv, yog li qhov txawv ntawm ob yog dab tsi?

① Tus "off-excitation" tap changer yog hloov lub high-voltage sab kais ntawm lub transformer kom hloov qhov tig piv ntawm lub winding rau voltage tswj thaum ob qho tib si thawj thiab thib ob sab ntawm lub transformer raug txiav tawm ntawm lub hwj chim.

② "On-load" tap changer: Siv lub on-load tap changer, lub kais ntawm lub transformer winding raug hloov pauv kom hloov cov high-voltage tig rau kev tswj voltage yam tsis txiav tawm lub load tam sim no.

Qhov txawv ntawm ob qho no yog tias lub tap changer uas tsis muaj zog tsis muaj peev xwm hloov cov iav nrog cov khoom thauj, vim tias hom tap changer no muaj kev txiav luv luv thaum lub sijhawm hloov iav. Kev txiav cov khoom thauj tam sim no yuav ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo ntawm cov neeg sib cuag thiab ua rau lub tap changer puas tsuaj. Lub tap changer uas muaj kev hloov pauv ntau dhau thaum lub sijhawm hloov iav, yog li tsis muaj kev txiav luv luv. Thaum hloov ntawm ib lub iav mus rau lwm qhov, tsis muaj kev txiav arcing thaum cov khoom thauj tam sim no raug txiav. Nws feem ntau yog siv rau cov transformers nrog cov kev cai voltage nruj uas yuav tsum tau kho tas li.

Txij li thaum lub transformer "on-load" tap changer tuaj yeem paub txog qhov kev tswj hwm voltage nyob rau hauv lub xeev ua haujlwm ntawm lub transformer, vim li cas ho xaiv lub "off-load" tap changer? Tau kawg, thawj qhov laj thawj yog tus nqi. Nyob rau hauv ib txwm muaj xwm txheej, tus nqi ntawm qhov off-load Kov Hloov Pauv Hloov Pauv yog 2/3 ntawm tus nqi ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom; tib lub sijhawm, qhov ntim ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom me dua vim tias nws tsis muaj qhov chaw thauj khoom. Yog li ntawd, thaum tsis muaj kev cai lossis lwm yam xwm txheej, lub tshuab hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom yuav raug xaiv.

Vim li cas ho xaiv lub transformer on-load tap changer? Lub luag haujlwm yog dab tsi?
① Txhim kho qhov kev tsim nyog ntawm qhov hluav taws xob.
Kev xa hluav taws xob hauv lub network faib hluav taws xob tsim kev poob, thiab tus nqi poob yog qhov tsawg tshaj plaws tsuas yog nyob ze rau qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob. Kev ua kom muaj kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thaum muaj hluav taws xob, ib txwm ua kom lub tsheb npav substation voltage tsim nyog, thiab ua kom cov khoom siv hluav taws xob khiav ntawm qhov ntsuas hluav taws xob yuav txo qhov poob, uas yog qhov pheej yig tshaj plaws thiab tsim nyog. Tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm hluav taws xob yog ib qho ntawm cov cim tseem ceeb ntawm kev muab hluav taws xob zoo. Kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob thaum muaj hluav taws xob raws sijhawm tuaj yeem ua kom tus nqi tsim nyog ntawm hluav taws xob, yog li ua tau raws li qhov xav tau ntawm tib neeg lub neej thiab kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb.

② Txhim kho lub peev xwm them rov qab ntawm lub zog reactive thiab nce tus nqi nkag ntawm lub capacitor.
Raws li lub cuab yeej them rov qab fais fab, qhov tso zis hluav taws xob reactive ntawm lub zog capacitors yog proportional rau lub square ntawm lub zog ua haujlwm. Thaum lub zog ua haujlwm ntawm lub zog fais fab txo qis, qhov cuam tshuam kev them rov qab txo qis, thiab thaum lub zog ua haujlwm nce ntxiv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob raug overcompensated, ua rau lub zog kawg nce ntxiv, txawm tias tshaj tus qauv, uas yooj yim ua rau lub rwb thaiv tsev ntawm cov khoom siv puas tsuaj thiab ua rau
kev sib tsoo ntawm cov khoom siv. Yuav kom tiv thaiv tau lub zog reactive los ntawm kev pub rov qab rau lub zog fais fab thiab cov khoom siv reactive power compensation los ntawm kev raug kaw, ua rau muaj kev pov tseg thiab kev poob ntawm cov khoom siv reactive fais fab, lub qhov hloov pauv transformer tseem ceeb yuav tsum tau kho kom raug lub sijhawm los kho qhov voltage ntawm lub tsheb npav mus rau qhov ntau yam tsim nyog, yog li ntawd tsis tas yuav kaw lub capacitor compensation.

Yuav ua li cas los tswj lub zog ntawm lub zog thaum muaj xwm ceev?
Cov txheej txheem tswj hluav taws xob thaum thauj khoom suav nrog kev tswj hluav taws xob thiab kev tswj hluav taws xob ntawm tes.

Lub ntsiab lus ntawm kev tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov load yog kho qhov hluav taws xob los ntawm kev kho qhov piv ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm sab hluav taws xob siab thaum qhov hluav taws xob ntawm sab hluav taws xob qis tseem tsis hloov pauv. Peb txhua tus paub tias sab hluav taws xob siab feem ntau yog qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev, thiab qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub cev feem ntau yog qhov ruaj khov. Thaum tus lej ntawm kev tig ntawm sab hluav taws xob siab winding nce (uas yog, qhov piv ntawm kev hloov pauv nce), qhov hluav taws xob ntawm sab hluav taws xob qis yuav txo qis; ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, thaum tus lej ntawm kev tig ntawm sab hluav taws xob siab winding txo qis (uas yog, qhov piv ntawm kev hloov pauv txo qis), qhov hluav taws xob ntawm sab hluav taws xob qis yuav nce ntxiv. Ntawd yog:

Nce qhov tig = downshift = txo qhov voltage Txo qhov tig = upshift = nce qhov voltage
Yog li, nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej twg lub transformer tsis ua haujlwm hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom?
① Thaum lub transformer raug overloaded (tshwj tsis yog rau qhov xwm txheej tshwj xeeb)
② Thaum lub tswb ceeb toom roj teeb ntawm lub cuab yeej tswj hluav taws xob ntawm qhov load tau qhib
③ Thaum lub roj siab tsis kam ntawm lub cuab yeej tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm qhov load tsis tsim nyog lossis tsis muaj roj hauv cov cim roj
④ Thaum tus lej ntawm kev tswj hwm hluav taws xob ntau dua li tus lej teev tseg
⑤ Thaum lub cuab yeej tswj hluav taws xob tsis zoo

Vim li cas ho muaj kev tshaj dhau los xauv qhov hloov pauv ntawm qhov chaw thauj khoom?
Qhov no yog vim tias nyob rau hauv qhov xwm txheej ib txwm muaj, thaum lub sijhawm tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub transformer tseem ceeb, muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm qhov hluav taws xob ntawm lub connector tseem ceeb thiab lub kais dej, uas tsim cov hluav taws xob circulating. Yog li ntawd, thaum lub sijhawm tswj hwm qhov hluav taws xob, lub resistor txuas nrog parallel kom hla dhau qhov hluav taws xob circulating thiab load tam sim no. Lub parallel resistor yuav tsum tiv taus qhov hluav taws xob loj.

Thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob muaj zog dhau lawm, qhov tam sim no ua haujlwm ntawm lub tshuab hluav taws xob tseem ceeb tshaj qhov tam sim no ntsuas ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv, uas yuav hlawv lub cuab yeej txuas ntawm lub tshuab hloov pauv.

Yog li ntawd, txhawm rau tiv thaiv qhov tshwm sim arcing ntawm lub kais hloov pauv, nws raug txwv tsis pub ua qhov kev tswj hwm voltage ntawm load thaum lub transformer tseem ceeb overloaded. Yog tias qhov kev tswj hwm voltage raug yuam, lub cuab yeej tswj hwm voltage ntawm load tuaj yeem hlawv tawm, cov roj thauj khoom tuaj yeem qhib, thiab lub qhov hloov pauv transformer tseem ceeb tuaj yeem raug tripped.