Switchgear

Switchgear yog dab tsi?

Cov voj voog hluav taws xob tswj hwm lub peev xwm thauj khoom uas tau teem tseg los ntawm kev tsim. Lawv yuav tsum tau tswj hwm kom tiv thaiv cov hluav taws xob ntau dhau los ntawm kev kub dhau ntawm cov xov hlau thiab ua rau lub kaw lus thauj khoom ntau dhau. Lub kaw lus thauj khoom ntau dhau yog qhov txaus ntshai rau kev nyab xeeb uas tuaj yeem ua puas tsuaj rau cov khoom tseem ceeb thiab txawm tias ua rau hluav taws xob hluav taws xob. Switchgear muaj los tswj cov khoom siv hluav taws xob thiab xyuas kom meej tias lawv ua haujlwm zoo thiab muaj kev nyab xeeb.

Cov khoom siv ntawm Switchgear muaj xws li cov qhov hluav taws xob txiav tawm, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tawg, cov fuses, thiab cov khoom tiv thaiv xob laim uas xa lossis cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob ntws. Thaum muaj hluav taws xob nce siab, switchgear cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob ntws thiab tiv thaiv cov kab ke hluav taws xob ntawm kev puas tsuaj ntawm lub zog ntau dhau.

Vim li cas thiaj xav tau switchgear?

Cov khoom siv hloov pauv hluav taws xob yog tsim los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv txuas nrog lub zog fais fab los ntawm kev hem thawj ntawm kev siv hluav taws xob ntau dhau. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob tiv thaiv cov tshuab, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, cov cav, thiab lwm yam kab ke uas muaj cov hluav taws xob circuitry los ntawm kev tswj thiab tswj cov hluav taws xob ntws.

Cov Switchgear kuj tseem tiv thaiv cov kws kho thiab kho kom zoo los ntawm kev puas tsuaj los ntawm kev cais lawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob uas muaj zog. Cov kws kho hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw siv hluav taws xob vam khom cov switchgear los tshem tawm cov khoom siv hluav taws xob kom kuaj xyuas cov hluav taws xob kom zoo, ua cov haujlwm txij nkawm, thiab tshem tawm cov teeb meem hauv qab.

Lub switchgear ua haujlwm li cas?

Cov khoom siv Switchgear tiv thaiv kev puas tsuaj thiab kev cuam tshuam kev pabcuam los ntawm kev tswj cov hluav taws xob ntws hauv lub kaw lus hluav taws xob. Nws tuaj yeem cais cov circuits cuam tshuam thaum tib lub sijhawm muab hluav taws xob los ntawm ntau qhov chaw rau lub load. Thaum muaj hluav taws xob nce lossis ua txhaum ua rau lub circuit breaker hauv lub rooj sib dhos hluav taws xob, cov khoom txhawb nqa cuam tshuam thiab tso tawm cov hluav taws xob hauv lub voj voog overloaded thaum tswj kev pabcuam rau cov circuits ua haujlwm.

Cov Rooj Sib Txuas vs. Switchgear
Cov Switchboards thiab switchgear ua haujlwm sib txawv heev. Lawv muaj cov khoom siv kho vajtse sib txawv, voltage, kev siv, thiab cov qauv kev nyab xeeb. Switchboards yog cov khoom siv hluav taws xob qis siv hauv kev lag luam thiab kev lag luam los xa, hloov pauv, thiab faib hluav taws xob rau cov transformers, cov kab ke tswj hwm, cov vaj huam sib luag circuit, thiab cov khoom thauj. Switchgear tswj cov dej ntws ntawm cov hluav taws xob kom tiv thaiv kev nce siab ntawm lub zog txaus ntshai.

Hom ntawm cov switchgear
Hauv North America, peb hom khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob tau muab faib ua pawg raws li ANSI/IEEE thiab NEC 2014 cov qauv rau cov tshuab hluav taws xob uas muab cov hluav taws xob hloov pauv.

1. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob qis yog siv rau cov kab ke uas ua haujlwm ntawm tsawg dua 1 kilovolt (kV).

2. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob nruab nrab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob txij li 1 kV txog 75 kV

3. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob muaj zog siab ua haujlwm ntawm qhov hluav taws xob txij li 75 kV txog li 230 kV.

Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob yuav tsum tau muab tso rau hauv qhov chaw kaw NEMA uas tsim nyog thaum siv sab nraum zoov kom tiv thaiv nws ntawm kev cuam tshuam thiab cov khoom.

● Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg muaj cov hloov pauv, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tsawg, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob xau av, cov khoom siv hluav taws xob me me (MCBs), cov khoom siv hluav taws xob molded case (MCCBs), cov fuses muaj peev xwm cuam tshuam siab (HRC), thiab cov khoom cais hluav taws xob tawm.

Cov khoom siv no tuaj yeem teeb tsa rau kev siv sab hauv tsev lossis sab nraum zoov thiab tej zaum yuav raug ntsuas rau kev siv ntawm 208 volts, 240 volts, 480 volts, thiab 600 volts txog li 1000 volts. Cov chaw lag luam, cov nroog, thiab cov chaw lag luam feem ntau siv cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob qis los tswj kev xa hluav taws xob rau HVAC, teeb pom kev zoo, thiab lwm yam kev tsim kho vaj tse.

● Cov khoom siv hloov pauv hluav taws xob nruab nrab
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob nruab nrab siv cov roj, roj av, lossis cov khoom siv nqus tsev thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los cuam tshuam cov hluav taws xob thaum muaj hluav taws xob ntau dhau lossis muaj teeb meem hauv lub cev. Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob tiv thaiv thiab txias cov khoom hauv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob, thaum lub tshuab hluav taws xob rub cov khoom sib txuas ntawm lub voj voog kom tawm cov arc.

Cov kab ke sab hauv tsev thiab sab nraum zoov feem ntau raug ntsuas ntawm 5 kV, 12 kV, 15 kV, thiab 35 kV txog li 75 kV los qhia qhov siab tshaj plaws uas lawv tuaj yeem pabcuam. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob no feem ntau siv rau ntawm cov chaw tsim hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw xa hluav taws xob. Nws kuj tseem siv los tswj cov cav, cov khoom siv pub mov, thiab cov tshuab hluav taws xob ntawm cov chaw lag luam thiab cov chaw lag luam.

● Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob siab
Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob siab tswj cov tshuab fais fab uas ua haujlwm tsawg kawg yog 75 kV. Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob no siv cov khoom txiav tawm, cov khoom siv av, cov txheej txheem hloov hluav taws xob siab, fuses, thiab cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los tswj, tswj, cuam tshuam, cais, thiab tso tawm hluav taws xob.

Vim tias txhua qhov teeb meem hluav taws xob tuaj yeem tsim tau lub zog arc muaj zog heev, cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob siab yuav tsum ua haujlwm tas mus li thiab ntseeg tau. Cov khoom siv hloov pauv no tseem ceeb rau kev ua haujlwm uas muaj teeb meem hluav taws xob ntau thiab xav tau kev tshem tawm cov khoom siv tsis tu ncua. Nws feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov kab ke xa hluav taws xob loj thiab faib hluav taws xob thiab cov chaw lag luam lossis kev lag luam.

Cov Hom Kev Rwb Thaiv Hluav Taws Xob Switchgear
Nrog rau qhov sib txawv ntawm cov hluav taws xob, cov switchgear kuj tseem siv tau ntau hom kev rwb thaiv tsev los tiv thaiv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob los ntawm kev ua txhaum hluav taws xob. Cov qhov rooj switchgear siv cov hom rwb thaiv tsev hauv qab no.

● Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob uas muaj roj rwb thaiv tsev
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj roj (GIS) siv cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas siv cov roj sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) los rwb thaiv cov xov hlau thiab cov khoom sib txuas thiab tua cov hluav taws xob arc uas tsim los ntawm qhov hluav taws xob tsis ua haujlwm. Cov pa roj carbon dioxide (CO2) yog lwm txoj hauv kev zoo rau huab cua rau SF6. Kev hloov SF6 nrog CO2 tuaj yeem txo cov pa roj av los ntawm 10 tons thoob plaws lub neej ntawm cov khoom siv.

● Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob uas muaj cua sov
Cov khoom siv cua-insulated switchgear (AIS) siv cov circuit breakers uas siv cua compressed lossis lub zog sib nqus los ua kom lub arc ntev yog li nws yuav tawm nws tus kheej.

● Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob uas muaj roj rwb thaiv tsev
Cov khoom siv hluav taws xob uas muaj roj rwb thaiv tsev ua rau cov roj av ua pa raws txoj kev arc uas tsim thaum cov neeg sib cuag uas nqa tam sim no sib cais thiab nyob ib puag ncig nws nrog lub npuas roj hydrogen uas ua rau cov tam sim no tawm thiab tiv thaiv cov arc kom tsis txhob rov ntaus dua.

● Cov khoom siv hloov hluav taws xob uas muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev rwb thaiv tsev
Lub tshuab hluav taws xob uas muaj lub tshuab nqus tsev yuav tshem tawm cov molecule uas yuav raug ionized los ntawm hluav taws xob. Txhua lub arc yuav raug ncab thiab tawm txawm tias lub zog hluav taws xob nce siab.

Kev Teeb tsa Switchgear
Cov neeg ua haujlwm uas muaj daim ntawv tso cai raug cai yuav tsum teeb tsa txhua yam khoom siv hluav taws xob raws li cov cai kev nyab xeeb, cov lus qhia txog kev tsim kho, thiab cov lus qhia ntawm cov chaw tsim khoom. Kev teeb tsa kom raug yuav ua kom muaj kev ntseeg siab zoo tshaj plaws rau kev ua haujlwm.